1. December 10, 1799 – Death of George Washington
On December 10, 1799, George Washington, the first President of the United States, passed away at his Mount Vernon estate. He was 67 years old and had been suffering from a severe throat infection. Washington’s death marked the end of an era for the young nation, as he was widely regarded as the “Father of His Country.” His leadership during the American Revolutionary War and his role in drafting the Constitution cemented his legacy. Washington’s death was mourned nationwide, and he was remembered for his dedication to American independence and republican values.
2. December 10, 1901 – First Nobel Prizes Awarded
The first Nobel Prizes were awarded on December 10, 1901, in accordance with the will of Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite. The ceremonies took place in Stockholm, Sweden, with prizes given in Physics, Chemistry, Medicine, Literature, and Peace. The Peace Prize was presented in Oslo, Norway, as per Nobel’s instructions. These awards were established to honor individuals and organizations that have made significant contributions to humanity. Since then, the Nobel Prizes have become one of the most prestigious recognitions in the world.
3. December 10, 1948 – Adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
On December 10, 1948, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). This historic document was drafted to promote and protect the fundamental rights and freedoms of all people worldwide. It consists of 30 articles outlining rights such as freedom of speech, equality, and protection from torture. The adoption of the UDHR marked a commitment by the international community to prevent atrocities like those seen during World War II. It remains a cornerstone document for human rights advocacy globally.
4. December 10, 1984 – Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi Assassinated
Indira Gandhi, the Prime Minister of India, was assassinated on December 10, 1984, by her own Sikh bodyguards. Her assassination came in the aftermath of Operation Blue Star, a military action ordered by Gandhi to remove Sikh militants from the Golden Temple in Amritsar. This event led to widespread anti-Sikh riots and significant political turmoil across India. Gandhi’s death marked a tragic turning point in Indian politics and had lasting impacts on communal relations in the country. Her leadership had been both praised and criticized during her tenure.
5. December 10, 1896 – Alfred Nobel’s Death and Nobel Prizes Established
Alfred Nobel died on December 10, 1896, leaving behind a legacy that would change the world of science, literature, and peace efforts. In his will, he allocated his fortune to establish the Nobel Prizes, which reward outstanding contributions in various fields. Nobel’s decision was motivated by his desire to leave a positive legacy after inventing explosives that had caused significant destruction. The prizes were first awarded five years later, in 1901. Nobel’s death anniversary is now commemorated annually by the Nobel Prize ceremonies.
6. December 10, 1927 – Birth of Margaret Mead
Margaret Mead, an influential American cultural anthropologist, was born on December 10, 1927. She is best known for her studies on the social structures of Pacific island societies, which challenged Western perceptions of culture and gender roles. Mead’s work helped popularize anthropology and influenced social sciences and feminist movements throughout the 20th century. She emphasized the importance of cultural relativism and the diversity of human experience. Her legacy continues in academic and cultural discussions on society and behavior.
7. December 10, 1964 – Martin Luther King Jr. Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize
Martin Luther King Jr. was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize on December 10, 1964, for his nonviolent struggle against racial segregation in the United States. At the age of 35, he became the youngest recipient of the prize at that time. King’s leadership in the Civil Rights Movement, including the famous Montgomery Bus Boycott and his “I Have a Dream” speech, earned him international recognition. His acceptance speech spoke of the ongoing struggle for justice and peace. This award helped to elevate the civil rights cause on the global stage.
8. December 10, 1970 – Death of Paul Keres
Paul Keres, one of Estonia’s greatest chess players, died on December 10, 1970. Keres was renowned for his consistent high-level play and was considered one of the strongest grandmasters never to become World Chess Champion. Throughout his career, he participated in numerous international tournaments and was admired for his strategic depth and sportsmanship. His death was a significant loss to the chess community, especially in the Soviet Union and Estonia. Keres remains a celebrated figure in chess history.
9. December 10, 2000 – Megawati Sukarnoputri Elected President of Indonesia
On December 10, 2000, Megawati Sukarnoputri was officially elected as the President of Indonesia, becoming the country’s first female president. She is the daughter of Indonesia’s first president, Sukarno, and rose to power after the political upheaval that ended Suharto’s long rule. Megawati’s presidency marked a new era of democratic reform and political stability for Indonesia. Her leadership focused on economic recovery and strengthening democratic institutions. Her election was seen as a milestone for women’s political participation in Southeast Asia.
10. December 10, 2019 – Climate Strikes Worldwide
On December 10, 2019, thousands of people around the world participated in climate strikes to demand urgent action against climate change. These events were part of a global movement inspired by young activists like Greta Thunberg. Demonstrators called on governments and corporations to reduce carbon emissions and implement sustainable policies. The strikes took place on Human Rights Day, highlighting the link between environmental justice and human rights. This day of activism underscored the growing public awareness and concern over the climate crisis.