1. The Massacre of the Innocents (circa 1 AD)
December 28 is traditionally observed as the day when King Herod ordered the Massacre of the Innocents, as recounted in the Gospel of Matthew. According to the biblical narrative, Herod sought to kill the infant Jesus by ordering the death of all male children two years old and under in Bethlehem. This event is commemorated in the Christian liturgical calendar as the Feast of the Holy Innocents. The historical accuracy of this event is debated among scholars, but it remains a significant moment in Christian tradition. The day serves as a somber reminder of innocence lost and the brutality of tyranny.
2. The First Flight of the Avro Lancaster Bomber (1941)
On December 28, 1941, the Avro Lancaster, a British four-engined Second World War heavy bomber, made its first flight. Designed and manufactured by Avro, the Lancaster became one of the most famous and effective bombers used by the Royal Air Force. Its design was based on the earlier Avro Manchester but featured more powerful engines and increased payload capacity. The Lancaster was instrumental in many key bombing campaigns during World War II, including the famous “Dambusters” raid. Its success helped to establish air superiority and contributed significantly to the Allied war effort.
3. The Founding of the University of Mississippi (1848)
The University of Mississippi, also known as Ole Miss, was founded on December 28, 1848. Located in Oxford, Mississippi, it is the state’s oldest public university. The institution was established to provide higher education to the citizens of Mississippi and has grown to become a major research university. Throughout its history, Ole Miss has played an important role in the educational and cultural development of the region. It is known for its strong programs in law, business, and liberal arts.
4. The First Performance of Beethoven’s Symphony No. 5 (1808)
Ludwig van Beethoven’s Symphony No. 5 in C minor had its first public performance on December 28, 1808, in Vienna. This symphony is one of the most famous and frequently played symphonies in classical music. The opening motif, often described as “fate knocking at the door,” is instantly recognizable worldwide. The concert was a lengthy affair, showcasing several of Beethoven’s works in difficult winter conditions. Despite the challenging circumstances, the premiere marked a significant moment in the composer’s career and in the history of Western music.
5. The Birth of Woodrow Wilson (1856)
Woodrow Wilson, the 28th President of the United States, was born on December 28, 1856. Wilson served as president from 1913 to 1921 and led the country through World War I. He is known for his progressive reforms and efforts to establish the League of Nations, a precursor to the United Nations. Wilson’s presidency also saw significant domestic changes, including the establishment of the Federal Reserve System. His legacy is complex, marked by both accomplishments in international diplomacy and criticism for his views on race and civil rights.
6. The Opening of the First Section of the Gotthard Railway Tunnel (1882)
On December 28, 1882, the first section of the Gotthard Railway Tunnel was officially opened. This tunnel, located in Switzerland, was a major engineering feat of its time and greatly improved transportation across the Alps. The tunnel connected the northern and southern parts of Switzerland, facilitating trade and travel. It remained the longest railway tunnel in the world for many years. The Gotthard Tunnel played a crucial role in the economic development of Switzerland and in the broader European rail network.
7. The Death of Charles Dickens (1870)
Charles Dickens, one of the most famous English novelists of the Victorian era, died on December 28, 1870. Dickens is known for his vivid characters and depictions of social issues in works such as “Oliver Twist,” “A Christmas Carol,” and “Great Expectations.” His storytelling has had a lasting impact on literature and popular culture. Dickens’ death marked the end of an era in English literature, but his legacy continues to influence writers and readers worldwide. He is buried in Westminster Abbey’s Poets’ Corner, a testament to his enduring importance.
8. The Launch of the First Civilian Passenger Jet Flight (1958)
The first civilian passenger jet flight took place on December 28, 1958, operated by British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC). The flight used a de Havilland Comet, the world’s first commercial jet airliner. This event marked the beginning of a new era in air travel, making long-distance flights faster and more accessible. The introduction of jet airliners revolutionized the airline industry and global travel. Despite early setbacks with the Comet, the success of jet technology paved the way for the modern aviation industry.
9. The Signing of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748)
On December 28, 1748, the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle was signed, ending the War of the Austrian Succession. The treaty was negotiated in the city of Aix-la-Chapelle (now Aachen, Germany) and restored the status quo ante bellum between the major European powers. It confirmed the pragmatic sanction and recognized Maria Theresa’s right to rule Austria. The treaty had significant political implications, shaping European diplomacy for years to come. Despite the peace, tensions remained, eventually leading to further conflicts.
10. The Discovery of the Venus de Milo (1820)
The famous ancient Greek statue known as the Venus de Milo was discovered on December 28, 1820, on the island of Milos. This statue is celebrated for its exquisite craftsmanship and is believed to represent Aphrodite, the goddess of love and beauty. It is now housed in the Louvre Museum in Paris and is considered one of the greatest masterpieces of ancient Greek sculpture. The discovery generated widespread interest in classical art and archaeology. The Venus de Milo remains an iconic symbol of ancient Greek culture and artistic achievement.